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THE CODEBREAKERS

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In Thailand,

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you can get an endless supply

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of the latest computer software...

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...nearly all of it pirated...

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Half way across the world, in Brazil

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different market place, same story,

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street vendors

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openly selling
pirated DVDs and software

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from makeshift tarpaulin stalls.

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Software piracy is so common
that the vendors

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barely take any notice
of the police patrols.

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As soon as they've turned the corner

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they set their stalls up again.

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Supply meets demand

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in countries
where the average office worker

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would have to work
for more than a month

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to be able
to legally afford basic software.

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The World Summit
for the Information Society in Tunisia,

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a global meeting of key decision-makers
in IT or Information Technology

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from around the globe,

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promoting their wares,
exchanging ideas

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and trying to change the world.

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They have one thing in common

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with the software pirates:

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for just as the pirates

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are illegally
making software affordable,

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the UN Secretary General

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and many of the delegates here
also want to make

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the software affordable
for the digitally deprived...

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but legally!

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Technological visionary,

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Nicholas Negroponte's
100 dollar laptop

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aims to put
affordable computing technology

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in the hands
of millions of schoolchildren

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in the most needed parts of the world,

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and the software
that's going to be used on this?

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We've chosen
Free and Open Software

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because it's better,

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and because it means
that the children

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can actually participate
in making the software

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even better over time,
we believe completely

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in community developed software

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as well as content.

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Free and Open Source Software or FOSS

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is the latest phenomena in computing

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and is causing turbulence
in the proprietary

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or commercial software world.

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Widely used software

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such as Thunderbird and OpenOffice

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can be downloaded legally
and used by anyone

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without having to pay for it.

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Over 90% of all the world's desktop
and laptop computers

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run on propietary software

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such as Apple or Microsoft sells.

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Do they see Open Source as a threat?

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I think the challenge
it presents to Microsoft

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is just that it reminds us
that customers do have choice.

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And when you're reminded
that customers have choice

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and we always
need to be reminded of that.

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It reminds you have to go back to work,
you have to listen to your customers,

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you have to invest the six billion dollars
of R&D that we'll invest this year

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in ways that are going to meet
the needs of those customers.

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So is Open Source the bridge

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for the now famous digital divide?

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Will innovations

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such as the 100 dollar computer

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working on free, unlicensed software

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bring a billion extra users on line?

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In The Codebreakers, we find out

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if Open Source
is all its cracked up to be

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and can it be the bridge

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for the Digital Divide?

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One can consider
Open Source Software

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a lot like generic drugs,
the analogy fits.

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In the case of
Open Source Software

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it's a lot less expensive
and for that reason,

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it's essentially the same product

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it does the same thing on a computer
but it costs less.

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There are estimated
to be over a hundred thousand

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open source projects
being developed.

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Not one cent
was paid by the computer users

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who have downloaded
50 million copies

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of the Firefox browser
from the Internet.

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It was developed from Netscape

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by the non-profit Mozilla Foundation.

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It now has a 20% share
of the European

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and a 14% share
of the US market.

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Apache - the Open Source
Web-Server software

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is used by more than 60%
of all websites on the Internet

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including web giants
Google and Amazon.

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So is a revolution underway?

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Are the days
of proprietary software numbered,

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and now that software
has become free and open

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will the digital chasm
between the poor and rich be closed?

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THE FOUR FREEDOMS

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Only middle-aged academics

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will remember
that more than two decades ago

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when computers first reached universities

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software source code
was freely passed around

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and programmers
expected to be paid for programming

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and not for the programs themselves.

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Then things changed
as computers reached the business world

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and companies began to develop
and license software

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on a commercial basis,

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restricting access to the source code.

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In 1984 Richard Stallman,

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one of the original computer whiz kids,

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questioned the commercial
software companies actions

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and started what he called
the Free Software Movement.

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What could I do?

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I had no political party behind me,

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I couldn't expect

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to convince governments
or corporations

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to change
any of their policies,

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but I did know how to write software...

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so I said - I'm going to develop

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another operating system,

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and with the help
of whoever will join in

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and together
we will make it Free Software.

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We will respect your freedom.

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Richard Stallman came up

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with his own licence
for Free Software,

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which incorporated
what he described

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as the four freedoms...

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Freedom 0:
is the freedom

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to run the program as you wish.

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Freedom 1:
the freedom to help yourself

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That's the freedom
to study the source code

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and change it to do what you wish.

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Then there's Freedom 2:
the freedom to help your neighbour

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That's the freedom to make copies

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and distribute them to others
when you wish.

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and Freedom 3:
is the freedom to help your community

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That's the freedom
to publish or distribute

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a modified version when you wish.

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If you have all these
four essential freedoms,

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the program is Free Software.

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The next development came in 1991.

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A twenty one year old,
finnish computer programmer

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- Linus Torvalds -

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developed what is known as the kernel

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- the core of the operating system -
and called it Linux.

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Its proponents boast it can operate
as well on a mobile phone

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as on a super-computer.

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And Torvalds invention
can be downloaded

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without paying anyone anything.

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According to "The Linux Counter"

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a pro-Open Source website

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there are estimated to be up to
29 million computers using Linux,

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but since it is not sold,

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there are no sales figures
on which to base data.

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I haven't heard of FOSS at all.

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No, I've never heard of FOSS.

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I'm afraid I've no idea what FOSS is.

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I've heard of
Free and Open... Software.

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No, never heard of FOSS.

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No, I've never heard of FOSS.

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I don't know what it is.

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I've never heard of FOSS.

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I don't know what...
What is it?

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Yes, I have heard of
Free and Open Source Software

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and I do have some of those products
on my computer at the moment.

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Free Open Source Software

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may not be known by name but indirectly,

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anyone who sends an email
or uses the Web

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is using Open Source all the time

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as the "gears" of the Internet...

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Web servers,
mail transports and FTP servers...

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are nearly all open source.

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Although Richard Stallman meant

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"Free as in freedom",

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not free as in no costs involved,

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it was misleading.

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Not everyone understood the concept.

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Especially as we will discover,

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Open Source can have
significant costs down the line.

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In 1998 "The Open Source Initiative"

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an organization dedicated to promoting
Free and Open Source Software

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was founded by computer programmers

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Eric Raymond and Bruce Perens,

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who felt that the word "free"
could be replaced

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by "open"
and that would avoid confusion.

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Open Source takes Free Software

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and promotes it to business people...

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when you say free
it doesn't mean freedom

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it means cheap

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and that didn't play
too well to business people.

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So by re-branding
FREE software as OPEN

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Bruce Perens and his colleagues

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hoped that a new
business model would emerge.

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And companies like
Fortune 500 computer hardware

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and software developer
Sun Microsystems

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are now making money by selling services
instead of software.

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What we are actually doing is,
we are selling our skill

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in producing a software
that people have installed.

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So actually we are selling
exactly the same thing we used to sell

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when we sold glossy boxes

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that people paid for
at the point of selection.

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But the proprietary software companies

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argue that customers want

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simpler solutions out of the box.

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Most of the customers
that I talk to

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are looking to reduce the amount
of money they spend on services

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they want software to be automated,
to become more simple,

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to become less complex to run.

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So does that mean
Free Open Source Software

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is being hyped unjustifiably?

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Not necessarily,

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because if you live in a country

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with a huge potential pool
of software engineers

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whose charges are modest

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the lure of software
that does not incur

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the cost of servicing
is less obvious.

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It's not 100% certain

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that Open Source
is truly less expensive

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than proprietary software,

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but certainly initially it is.

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And a quick scan of the pricing of,

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say, Microsoft products
versus Linux products,

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it's simple, it's no contest;

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Open Source is much less expensive.

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For that reason if we are going

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to bring the world online,

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the next one billion people,

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clearly it's going
to take Open Source Software

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or certainly
a different pricing strategy,

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by the proprietary software vendors.

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THE NET SPREADS... A LITTLE

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There are 500 million people

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on the African continent under 25.

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In sub-Saharan Africa,

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excluding South Africa,

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98% of African schoolchildren

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go through their whole school education

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without ever seeing or touching
a computer in the classroom.

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SchoolNet Namibia, set up in 1999

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by a partnership of NGOs
and the Ministry of Education

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is a non-profit provider of Internet,

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hardware and software
to the nations schools.

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It has a mission to ensure Namibians

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do not suffer from the handicap

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of being on the wrong side
of the digital divide.

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SchoolNet is furnishing schools
with specially designed computer labs

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equipped with donated computers.

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Often the local arms
of the proprietary companies

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will provide their software
unlicensed or at reduced cost

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for good causes
such as SchoolNet.

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Yet it chose
Open Source Software,

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for computers
now in over 400 schools.

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Why?

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In having
an Open Source solution,

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the way we've put it into play
at schools in Namibia,

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as part of
a very standardized system,

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uniformly spread out
across the countries.

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We don't have viruses,
we don't have people...

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vandalizing or stealing software
or whatever it is, that, that,

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that is probably faced in, in quite a few
first world, you know, environments.

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SchoolNet claims
that the accessibility of Open Source

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also means that trainees

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are able to learn
how to refurbish computers

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often with little
or no knowledge of computing.

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Most of these people here
are not certified

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00:11:47,950 --> 00:11:49,200
It's like,
when we get to them

265
00:11:49,500 --> 00:11:52,500
they are really totally
illiterate from computers.

266
00:11:52,550 --> 00:11:55,200
Open Source helped us,
because we are not certified,

267
00:11:55,500 --> 00:11:58,900
so it helped us to make sure
that we develop ourselve.

268
00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:00,900
Courtesy of wireless networking,

269
00:12:00,950 --> 00:12:03,000
schools are getting linked to the web.

270
00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:06,900
In the remote areas
solar provides the power.

271
00:12:07,100 --> 00:12:10,900
At the computing centre at HQ
in the capital Windhoek,

272
00:12:10,950 --> 00:12:13,700
schoolchildren queue up
to an hour after school

273
00:12:13,750 --> 00:12:17,000
to use the free access
to computers and the Internet.

274
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,900
SOFTWARE LIBRE

275
00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:25,500
In Brazil

276
00:12:25,550 --> 00:12:26,500
the pattern of usage

277
00:12:26,550 --> 00:12:28,500
in the home and
in the private sector

278
00:12:28,550 --> 00:12:31,200
is little different
from anywhere else in the globe,

279
00:12:31,500 --> 00:12:33,300
but the switch
in the governmental sector

280
00:12:33,500 --> 00:12:35,500
is on an altogether bigger scale.

281
00:12:36,800 --> 00:12:38,900
A major company such as Intel,

282
00:12:38,950 --> 00:12:40,900
has begun to adjust its strategy.

283
00:12:41,300 --> 00:12:44,500
Intel has been very active
in Free and Open Source Software,

284
00:12:44,550 --> 00:12:47,500
mainly driven
by what our customer demand has been.

285
00:12:47,550 --> 00:12:51,100
We see this predominantly
in the emerging geographies

286
00:12:51,150 --> 00:12:54,500
in areas like India, China, Brazil...

287
00:12:54,550 --> 00:12:56,800
each of these
has chosen positions

288
00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:58,500
around Open Source in education,

289
00:12:58,550 --> 00:13:02,100
and we've been working hard
to optimize our platforms

290
00:13:02,150 --> 00:13:05,500
for specific solutions
based on Open Source

291
00:13:05,550 --> 00:13:09,500
The Brazilian position on software,
on Free Software is very positive.

292
00:13:09,550 --> 00:13:12,500
The Brazilian Government
has has created a programme

293
00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:16,200
to support Free Software
both inside the government

294
00:13:16,300 --> 00:13:17,400
as a, as a,

295
00:13:17,500 --> 00:13:22,600
as an application
for governmental procedures

296
00:13:22,650 --> 00:13:24,500
and also supporting

297
00:13:24,550 --> 00:13:26,500
Free Software as a tool

298
00:13:26,550 --> 00:13:29,500
as an instrument for the society

299
00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:33,500
By adopting Open Source
or Software Libre

300
00:13:33,550 --> 00:13:34,900
as it's known in Brazil,

301
00:13:34,950 --> 00:13:37,900
the National Institute
for Information Technology

302
00:13:37,950 --> 00:13:39,300
claims it's made a saving

303
00:13:39,500 --> 00:13:43,000
of around 150 million dollars
a year in licence fees,

304
00:13:43,500 --> 00:13:45,800
and according to Gilberto Gil

305
00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:49,000
this saving has been translated
into more hardware

306
00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:52,500
reaching many previously
technologically impoverished areas.

307
00:13:53,300 --> 00:13:55,800
There is even
a government mandate now in Brazil

308
00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:58,000
that states
that Free Open Source Software

309
00:13:58,050 --> 00:14:02,200
must be the software of preference
by all administrative bodies.

310
00:14:03,900 --> 00:14:06,500
Microsoft announced the launch
recently in Brazil

311
00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:10,500
of a simpler to operate
and cheaper version of Windows XP.

312
00:14:10,550 --> 00:14:11,900
Is this because it is fearful

313
00:14:11,950 --> 00:14:16,100
that Brazil will set a very costly
for Microsoft trend?

314
00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:19,500
Brazil is a very important
country in the world.

315
00:14:19,550 --> 00:14:23,900
We actually have a very focused
strategy within our company,

316
00:14:23,950 --> 00:14:25,600
around what we call
the BRICK countries,

317
00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:27,500
Brazil, Russia, India and China

318
00:14:27,550 --> 00:14:33,500
and all of those are countries
that have wide diversity of needs.

319
00:14:33,550 --> 00:14:35,500
There's a very
poor population in Brazil

320
00:14:35,550 --> 00:14:38,200
that needs access to technology,

321
00:14:38,250 --> 00:14:40,500
that needs to be available
to get skills training

322
00:14:40,550 --> 00:14:42,900
to become part
of the growing economy,

323
00:14:42,950 --> 00:14:45,100
to get that first rung on the ladder.

324
00:14:45,100 --> 00:14:46,900
And we're very active in Brazil

325
00:14:46,950 --> 00:14:48,900
working in the education sector

326
00:14:48,950 --> 00:14:51,700
partnering with government,
partnering with the NGO community

327
00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:53,900
to make sure
that that access is available.

328
00:14:53,950 --> 00:14:57,900
We've invested 13 million dollars
in just the last few years

329
00:14:57,950 --> 00:14:59,500
to provide access
to technology in Brazil.

330
00:14:59,900 --> 00:15:01,900
But this hasn't stopped FOSS

331
00:15:01,950 --> 00:15:03,900
gaining significant presence in Brazil.

332
00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:09,100
Projects include Parana State's
200 million World Bank supported project

333
00:15:09,150 --> 00:15:11,900
that aims
to provide computing infrastructure

334
00:15:11,950 --> 00:15:14,000
as well as
delivering software content

335
00:15:14,100 --> 00:15:15,100
and support tools

336
00:15:15,150 --> 00:15:17,900
to 2,100 public schools.

337
00:15:18,950 --> 00:15:20,100
40,000 computers

338
00:15:20,150 --> 00:15:23,000
have recently been delivered
to distribution centres

339
00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:25,000
destined for the new
school computer labs

340
00:15:25,200 --> 00:15:28,000
that will be running
a specially-developed web portal,

341
00:15:28,050 --> 00:15:30,000
which gives access
to learning tools,

342
00:15:30,050 --> 00:15:31,900
through a two-way gateway

343
00:15:31,950 --> 00:15:36,500
where teachers login and contribute
to the pool of educational resources,

344
00:15:36,550 --> 00:15:40,000
so software isn't the only thing
that's being shared.

345
00:15:40,900 --> 00:15:43,900
I think the freedom
is the most important thing,

346
00:15:43,950 --> 00:15:45,500
because you can use [the software],

347
00:15:45,550 --> 00:15:49,100
you can make some modifications

348
00:15:49,150 --> 00:15:54,100
and any person
can use these modifications.

349
00:15:54,500 --> 00:15:59,900
So... we live today in a... in a...
in a kind of society

350
00:15:59,950 --> 00:16:04,500
with, which one,
where the knowledge is for everybody,

351
00:16:04,550 --> 00:16:05,900
not for a little groups

352
00:16:05,950 --> 00:16:09,900
who have money
to pay for information.

353
00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:11,900
In other parts of the globe

354
00:16:11,950 --> 00:16:14,500
the doors to the
world of information technology

355
00:16:14,550 --> 00:16:16,900
are being opened in a different way.

356
00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:22,000
A DIGITAL DOORWAY

357
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:24,300
South Africa's President Mbeki

358
00:16:24,500 --> 00:16:27,000
is famous
for his addiction to the Internet.

359
00:16:27,500 --> 00:16:29,500
He wants the country
to follow suit

360
00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:32,500
with the government pushing the adoption
of the digital revolution.

361
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:37,000
Even an entire television series
has been devoted to Open Source Software

362
00:16:37,500 --> 00:16:39,000
and the government-funded
Meraka Institute,

363
00:16:39,500 --> 00:16:44,000
has spawned many Open Source projects
including the Digital Doorway

364
00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:45,300
which its proponents say,

365
00:16:45,500 --> 00:16:48,000
is a virtually,
indestructible computing hub,

366
00:16:48,500 --> 00:16:52,200
which follows the
"if you build it, they will come" philosophy.

367
00:16:52,700 --> 00:16:57,000
In India... there was the idea
of a hole-in-the-wall project,

368
00:16:57,500 --> 00:16:59,000
where a computer could be

369
00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:02,000
put, where people could access it,
kind of off the wall,

370
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:06,000
it's just sitting there
and it peeps through the wall,

371
00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:10,000
and the idea is to promote the concept
of minimally invasive education.

372
00:17:11,500 --> 00:17:14,000
That has inspired South Africa's
Digital Doorway project

373
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:18,000
and it has now been
rolled out across into all sites.

374
00:17:18,500 --> 00:17:20,000
It's a way
of making it easy for people

375
00:17:20,200 --> 00:17:24,000
to teach themselves at their own pace
again according to their own style,

376
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:26,500
how to use and to innovate

377
00:17:26,700 --> 00:17:29,000
the role of information
and communication technologies.

378
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:33,500
The Digital Doorway
is loaded with Open Source Software,

379
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,500
learning resources,
an Open Source encyclopaedia,

380
00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:41,500
digital books,
graphic packages and educational games.

381
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:45,000
This computing kiosk
equipped with four protected screens

382
00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:48,500
and waterproof keyboards,
not only provides access,

383
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,000
but its supporters say,
quickly demystifies

384
00:17:52,300 --> 00:17:53,500
and makes accessible technology.

385
00:17:54,500 --> 00:17:57,000
Well, in many of the communities
you'll find that,

386
00:17:57,500 --> 00:18:00,300
most of the community
has not even discovered...

387
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:02,500
how a computer works,

388
00:18:02,700 --> 00:18:05,000
very few actually
in the, in the very poorer areas

389
00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:10,000
have access even to an ATM,
let alone a computer that they can use,

390
00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:14,000
so... for, for some of these places,
this is actually the first experience

391
00:18:14,200 --> 00:18:17,000
any of the children
especially have had...

392
00:18:17,500 --> 00:18:19,000
with, with a computer and so...

393
00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:24,000
it's both an exciting opportunity
for them to, to discover something new

394
00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:27,000
and also we found that in the long run,
they'll be learning

395
00:18:27,200 --> 00:18:31,000
about something that they'll be
eventually be using probably in jobs

396
00:18:31,200 --> 00:18:35,300
and in the workplace in the future,
so it's a real benefit to them.

397
00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:38,000
Projects like the Digital Doorway

398
00:18:38,500 --> 00:18:41,800
may be a step forward for the
technologically impoverished communities

399
00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:44,800
but on the job front
especially in developed countries

400
00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:49,000
commercial software is still much more
prevalent in people's minds.

401
00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:50,400
I think
we should have knowledge of

402
00:18:50,500 --> 00:18:51,500
Word, Excel

403
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:53,000
Word, Outlook

404
00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:54,500
Microsoft Word and Excel.

405
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,000
Explorer seems to be
the most common.

406
00:18:58,500 --> 00:19:00,000
I use Mic... Microsoft Word
for everything else.

407
00:19:00,500 --> 00:19:02,600
Definitely useful
to have a knowledge of Word and Excel.

408
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:05,500
I think it's important anyway
as an understanding of that software

409
00:19:05,800 --> 00:19:08,500
because it's really the de-facto
software in the workplace nowadays.

410
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:11,000
Frankly,
that's really the only one that I know.

411
00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:14,000
But that doesn't mean,
some of the big hitters

412
00:19:14,200 --> 00:19:16,500
are dismissing FOSS
a software for the geeks.

413
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:21,500
HP's position is very simple
that we give the customer a choice,

414
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:25,000
if the customer wants to use
proprietary software

415
00:19:25,300 --> 00:19:27,000
we are very happy
to give him that

416
00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:30,500
and if the customer wants to use
Open Source Software we give him that,

417
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:34,500
and we work with the Open Source
community in a very big way.

418
00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:38,800
In February 2005 Computer giant IBM
announced plans

419
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:43,300
to invest 100 million US dollars
in its support of Open Source Software.

420
00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:46,200
Our commitment has increased
to Open Source Software,

421
00:19:46,500 --> 00:19:50,000
we're involved
in over 150 Open Source projects.

422
00:19:50,500 --> 00:19:54,500
In our Linux technology centre we've got
over 700 programmers and engineers

423
00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:58,200
working on Open Source projects
as part of the Open Source community,

424
00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:02,200
but I think the main reason that our
commitment to Open Source has increased

425
00:20:02,500 --> 00:20:06,000
is our customers have been asking for it
because they see the value in it.

426
00:20:06,500 --> 00:20:10,000
And even though the majority of computers
in the United Nations aren't running FOSS,

427
00:20:10,500 --> 00:20:14,000
the UN Joint Inspection Unit,
highly recommends it's use:

428
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:17,000
One of the recommendations
we are making precisely

429
00:20:17,200 --> 00:20:21,500
is to ensure that
all organizations in the UN system

430
00:20:21,700 --> 00:20:30,000
will come up with a... organization-wide
policy on using Open Source Software.

431
00:20:30,950 --> 00:20:32,900
COMPUTER BUSES

432
00:20:33,950 --> 00:20:36,200
This is no ordinary school bus, in India.

433
00:20:36,500 --> 00:20:39,000
This bus' seats
are equipped with a computer terminal

434
00:20:39,300 --> 00:20:43,000
and the ticket collector has been replaced
by a technologically-literate teacher.

435
00:20:43,300 --> 00:20:47,000
This is the Mobile Bus project
in the Baramati district of central India,

436
00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:50,500
where scarce resources are being made
to go further than ever before.

437
00:20:51,500 --> 00:20:53,000
The scheme is funded
by the World Bank

438
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:58,300
and the Vidya Pratishtan's Institute of
Information Technology located in Baramati.

439
00:20:58,500 --> 00:21:01,000
The schoolchildren
wait eagerly for the buses arrival.

440
00:21:01,500 --> 00:21:06,000
The fleet of five buses travel
to around 35 villages each week,

441
00:21:06,200 --> 00:21:11,000
are fully equipped with 24 computer terminals
running Free/Open Source Software

442
00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:15,000
which the Institute says was chosen
because of initial cost savings:

443
00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:19,000
In India basically we want to run
the projects like mobile computer lab

444
00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:22,000
or giving computer education
for rural schoolchildren,

445
00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:24,000
the basic constraint is the finance

446
00:21:24,300 --> 00:21:26,000
and in order to get this

447
00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:30,000
definitely we should find out
how to reduce the cost of the project

448
00:21:30,200 --> 00:21:32,000
and... as...

449
00:21:32,300 --> 00:21:37,000
the Open Source is the best solution
to reduce the cost of the software

450
00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:40,000
so we decided
to go for Open Source platform.

451
00:21:41,450 --> 00:21:44,000
The mobile teachers
are able to teach computing skills

452
00:21:44,200 --> 00:21:47,000
to 6,000 10-14 year old pupils.

453
00:21:47,300 --> 00:21:50,000
The mobile bus curriculum
teaches everything

454
00:21:50,200 --> 00:21:54,000
from the basics of computing
to how to use various kinds of software,

455
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:56,000
and even programming skills

456
00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,500
and it appears that this access
is having even wider benefits.

457
00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:05,000
Apart from this computer education
their general knowledge has increased,

458
00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:07,000
their subject knowledge has increased,

459
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:10,500
interest gets generated,

460
00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:12,500
so that they started
coming to schools.

461
00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:14,500
By being used
in programmes like this

462
00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:19,000
proponents of FOSS say this is how
it will help bridge the digital divide.

463
00:22:19,300 --> 00:22:23,000
Advocates of open source software,
as a boon to developing countries,

464
00:22:23,200 --> 00:22:27,000
also contend that it's highly flexible
and sometimes best suited

465
00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:30,000
to help cope with large-scale issues
like disasters.

466
00:22:30,500 --> 00:22:35,000
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

467
00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:37,000
Natural disasters like the Tsunami

468
00:22:37,500 --> 00:22:40,000
leave a massive scale of devastation
in a very short space of time,

469
00:22:40,500 --> 00:22:43,000
swiftly wiping out
transport, communications

470
00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:46,000
and emergency services infrastructures

471
00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:50,000
and even the richest nations
are surprisingly left in a state of chaos.

472
00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:52,000
Over 30,000 people died

473
00:22:52,200 --> 00:22:56,000
and nearly a million people
were affected by the Tsunami in Sri Lanka;

474
00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:59,000
and help and aid
poured in from around the globe

475
00:22:59,200 --> 00:23:02,000
in the form of donations,
food, clothes, money and people.

476
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:04,000
All of this had to be coordinated

477
00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:08,000
in order that help effectively
reached those who needed it most

478
00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:10,000
And this needed to be done

479
00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:12,000
in an infrastructure
that had received

480
00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:15,500
very little in terms of investment
prior to the disaster.

481
00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:19,000
A vital part of disaster
management is information:

482
00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:20,000
who has been affected?

483
00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:22,000
where the people are?
who needs help?

484
00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:26,000
And by accurately managing information
using Information Technology,

485
00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:31,000
data can be processed, enabling families
and next of kin to find each other

486
00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:34,000
and resources to be distributed
to those who need them most.

487
00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:39,000
The morning of the 26th of December
was a terrible day for us,

488
00:23:39,500 --> 00:23:44,000
because all of sudden we faced,
the whole of Sri Lanka faced,

489
00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:48,000
something that had never been
a situation in Sri Lanka,

490
00:23:48,500 --> 00:23:52,000
we had... losses of people,

491
00:23:52,500 --> 00:23:57,000
people who were not traceable,
people who were injured

492
00:23:57,500 --> 00:24:02,000
and of course for every one person
there was a whole family back at home

493
00:24:02,200 --> 00:24:05,000
looking for them
and trying to find information.

494
00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:10,000
Looking at the urgent needs, that had
been created following the Tsunami,

495
00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:12,000
the Sahana disaster management system

496
00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:15,000
was developed by a team
of over 80 Sri Lankan programmers

497
00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:17,500
using Free and Open Source Software.

498
00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:22,500
After the Tsunami a group
of volunteers from the IT industry,

499
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:28,000
really the Free and Open Source community
got together and built a solution,

500
00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:30,500
a suite of web-based
disaster management applications.

501
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:35,000
They looked at the problems affecting
their fellow countrymen and all the chaos

502
00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:39,000
and then identified those problems
and built solutions around them.

503
00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:41,000
FOSS worked for the improvised Sahana

504
00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:45,500
because the volunteer computer
programmers needed the software urgently.

505
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:49,000
It could sidestep red-tape
and download the products

506
00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,000
from the Internet instantly
without paying for anything.

507
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:54,000
So Sahana claims that FOSS

508
00:24:54,200 --> 00:24:58,500
increases the agility of institutions
working in disaster management.

509
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:01,000
When we started on Sahana

510
00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:06,000
we had no money as such
to go and purchase off-the-shelf software,

511
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:11,000
we also had a problem
that we needed to tailor make them

512
00:25:11,200 --> 00:25:13,500
and then we had to get at the...

513
00:25:13,800 --> 00:25:16,000
...get at something more
than the commercial product,

514
00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:18,000
we needed to go into it,

515
00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:20,000
with open source
all those problems were not there.

516
00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:23,000
So a locally-adapted,
disaster management system

517
00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:25,800
using Free and Open Source Software
was built

518
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:28,000
without needing
to pay for licence fees.

519
00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:29,600
The key advantage

520
00:25:29,800 --> 00:25:32,000
was having instant access
to the source code.

521
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:37,000
Could Free and Open Source Software
connecting farmers and food producers

522
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:39,000
with buyers
through the world wide web,

523
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:42,500
be another step
towards bridging the digital divide?

524
00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:45,500
WEB BEARS FRUIT

525
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:50,000
Throughout the world
small and medium scale farmers

526
00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:53,000
have to get their goods
to market via middlemen.

527
00:25:53,500 --> 00:25:56,000
In Malaysia,
Free and Open Source Software

528
00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:58,000
is helping them
to avoid the intermediaries.

529
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:04,000
Agribazaar - an online marketing tool
for small to medium enterprises

530
00:26:04,200 --> 00:26:06,500
to market their products
locally as well as globally -

531
00:26:06,700 --> 00:26:09,000
was created
using Open Source Software.

532
00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:11,000
It's made by a government

533
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:14,000
research and development organization
called MIMOS

534
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:16,000
that's supported
by the Agriculture Ministry

535
00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:18,000
who claims
that by using FOSS

536
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:21,000
it saved money
on the total cost of ownership,

537
00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:22,200
in other words

538
00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:24,000
all the costs associated
with the project.

539
00:26:25,500 --> 00:26:29,000
We could have used proprietary software
to develop Agribazaar

540
00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:34,000
but it would cost us higher
to own the total cost of ownership

541
00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:37,000
If you are using
proprietary would be higher

542
00:26:37,200 --> 00:26:40,500
than if you are using
Free Open Source Software.

543
00:26:41,500 --> 00:26:44,000
MIMOS says the equivalent
of 25,000 US dollars

544
00:26:44,200 --> 00:26:46,000
was saved in software licences

545
00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:49,000
and by using
MySQL FOSS server software

546
00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:52,000
instead of the
proprietary alternatives

547
00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:54,000
MIMOS claims
that in the long term

548
00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:56,000
further savings are expected

549
00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:59,000
by not having to pay
for software upgrades in the future.

550
00:27:00,500 --> 00:27:05,000
Agribazaar also helps small-scale
food producers like these women,

551
00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:07,000
they cook and package
these snacks all day.

552
00:27:08,300 --> 00:27:11,000
Through Agribazaar, they're now
directly connected to the buyers

553
00:27:11,200 --> 00:27:14,500
enabling them
to negotiate their own prices.

554
00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:18,000
Malaysia's digital divide
is between the poor and rich

555
00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:20,000
but this applies
regardless of where you live.

556
00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:23,000
The point that has never
satisfactorily been answered

557
00:27:23,200 --> 00:27:25,300
is the digital chicken and egg.

558
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:29,300
Does being connected create wealth
or is connectivity a sign of it?

559
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:34,500
The provincial government of Extremadura
in South West Spain is in no doubt.

560
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:39,500
REGIONAL CONNECTIONS

561
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:43,000
Badajoz, is the ancient capital
of the Extremadura region.

562
00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:46,000
This Spanish province,
the size of Belgium

563
00:27:46,200 --> 00:27:49,000
used to be one of the most economically
backward parts of Western Europe.

564
00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:52,500
Its telephone grid
was only just completed in 1980.

565
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:55,000
Now it's leapfrogged the rest of Spain,

566
00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:58,000
with an Intranet
connecting the entire region.

567
00:27:58,500 --> 00:28:01,500
The twin challenges
to connecting a scattered population

568
00:28:01,700 --> 00:28:04,000
of just one million
were distance and money.

569
00:28:06,500 --> 00:28:08,300
If we could get all the schools connected

570
00:28:08,500 --> 00:28:10,300
we could get the whole

571
00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:12,500
of the region connected.

572
00:28:12,700 --> 00:28:14,500
Because every village has a school.

573
00:28:14,700 --> 00:28:17,000
We also had another goal to have

574
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:19,000
one computer for every two pupils.

575
00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:21,000
The estimates were pretty frightening

576
00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:23,000
because we were talking about

577
00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:25,000
of around 100,000 computers,

578
00:28:25,200 --> 00:28:28,000
more or less a hundred thousand,

579
00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:31,000
and of course the first thing was

580
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:33,000
to boot up the computers,

581
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:35,500
we were going to have pay around

582
00:28:35,700 --> 00:28:37,800
18 to 20 million euros

583
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,500
just to boot them up.

584
00:28:40,700 --> 00:28:43,000
And from there began the possibility

585
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:45,000
to start using Free Software.

586
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:47,000
The thought process was if we

587
00:28:47,200 --> 00:28:49,000
manage to get this stuff on the web

588
00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:51,000
that's Free Software and we can

589
00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:53,000
use it on those computers

590
00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:55,000
we would save ourselves

591
00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:57,000
in the region of 20 million euros

592
00:28:57,200 --> 00:28:59,000
when the whole system

593
00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:01,300
is up and running.

594
00:29:01,500 --> 00:29:04,000
All the new computers
are running LinEx,

595
00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:06,500
a Spanish version of Linux
developed locally.

596
00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:08,000
According to figures released

597
00:29:08,200 --> 00:29:10,000
by the Regional Minister
of Infrastructures

598
00:29:10,200 --> 00:29:12,300
and Technological Development

599
00:29:12,500 --> 00:29:13,500
the use of Free Software

600
00:29:13,700 --> 00:29:20,000
cost nearly 200,000 euros in 2002-2003,
the period of installation.

601
00:29:20,500 --> 00:29:23,000
40,000 copies went to schools.

602
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:25,000
The authorities claim

603
00:29:25,200 --> 00:29:27,000
that if they'd bought
the proprietary software

604
00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:30,000
it would have cost them
about 30 million euros.

605
00:29:31,000 --> 00:29:33,000
The LinEx team also claim...

606
00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:35,000
that Free and Open Source Software

607
00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:37,000
will actually save Extremadura money

608
00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:40,000
by extending the useful life
of its computers.

609
00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:43,000
On one side there's a saving made

610
00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:45,000
on software, but on the other side

611
00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:48,000
there's been a enormous investment

612
00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:50,500
in hardware. Now this cost is expected

613
00:29:50,700 --> 00:29:52,500
to be amortised over time

614
00:29:52,700 --> 00:29:55,000
but these computers will be able

615
00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,000
to be used for longer because

616
00:29:57,200 --> 00:29:59,000
the operating system and software

617
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:01,300
that is being used on them is one that

618
00:30:01,900 --> 00:30:04,700
we can modify and change to match

619
00:30:04,900 --> 00:30:07,000
our hardware. Because one of the

620
00:30:07,200 --> 00:30:09,000
interesting things about Free Software

621
00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:11,000
is that we can adapt the software tools

622
00:30:11,700 --> 00:30:13,000
to suit our needs in many instances.

623
00:30:13,500 --> 00:30:18,000
Extremadura is also providing
free training in computer literacy courses

624
00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:20,700
using FOSS
funded by the local authorities.

625
00:30:21,500 --> 00:30:24,000
Various websites have evolved
from the computer courses,

626
00:30:24,200 --> 00:30:26,500
including one
with the recordings of hundreds

627
00:30:26,700 --> 00:30:29,000
of village church bells
from around Extremadura.

628
00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:34,500
Apparently, by accessing the site
and playing their local church bells,

629
00:30:34,700 --> 00:30:36,000
expats and migrant villagers,

630
00:30:36,500 --> 00:30:40,000
some who've moved as far away
as Latin America, feel less homesick!

631
00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:44,500
As yet, only three
of Spain's 17 other provinces

632
00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:46,200
have plans to follow suit,

633
00:30:46,500 --> 00:30:48,000
but Extremadura claims

634
00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:50,000
it is the only region in Europe

635
00:30:50,200 --> 00:30:53,000
with one computer between two students
in secondary schools

636
00:30:53,500 --> 00:30:54,000
and says that this

637
00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:58,000
is in large-part thanks to the use
of Free an Open Source Software.

638
00:30:58,500 --> 00:31:02,000
Microsoft is not yet asking
for whom the bell tolls.

639
00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:07,000
The size of the challenge in providing
access to information technology

640
00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:09,000
particularly in, in the developing world

641
00:31:09,200 --> 00:31:10,600
in the education sector

642
00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:14,500
is so large, that I think
there is room for both models,

643
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:17,000
and we all have a role to play

644
00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:17,800
in making sure that kids

645
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:21,000
have access to the tools
they need for the 21st century.

646
00:31:21,500 --> 00:31:26,000
Our final look at FOSS in action
takes us to the far corners of the globe.

647
00:31:28,950 --> 00:31:30,900
MANAGING EVOLUTION

648
00:31:30,950 --> 00:31:34,000
The Galapagos are a set of islands
off the coast of Ecuador,

649
00:31:34,200 --> 00:31:37,000
where once the only outside visitors
were intrepid scientists,

650
00:31:37,200 --> 00:31:39,000
including Charles Darwin.

651
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:42,000
They've not been spared
the invasion of tourists

652
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:44,000
who with the advent
of cheaper air travel

653
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:46,500
have access
to greater parts of the globe.

654
00:31:47,500 --> 00:31:49,000
But tourists mean money
to the local economy.

655
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:54,000
The Galapagos National Park authority
is in charge of tourism on the Islands.

656
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:59,500
It registered around 122,000 tourists
or visitors in 2005,

657
00:31:59,700 --> 00:32:02,000
of those the majority were eco-tourists

658
00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:05,500
drawn to the Galapagos for its
incredible pristine environment.

659
00:32:05,700 --> 00:32:08,000
It's this precious untouched quality

660
00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:10,000
that the national Park
is trying to preserve.

661
00:32:11,300 --> 00:32:13,900
Galapagos is becoming saturated

662
00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:15,900
with visitors. The need to have a

663
00:32:16,300 --> 00:32:17,900
controlled method of monitoring the

664
00:32:18,300 --> 00:32:20,000
visitor sites is of the highest

665
00:32:20,200 --> 00:32:23,000
priority because of our policy of 

666
00:32:23,200 --> 00:32:25,000
conservation. Without a structured way

667
00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:28,000
to manage our conservation areas

668
00:32:28,200 --> 00:32:29,500
we would never be able to look after, 

669
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:31,300
let alone preserve,

670
00:32:31,500 --> 00:32:33,900
this area for future generations.

671
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:36,500
The National Park said
it recently chose FOSS

672
00:32:36,700 --> 00:32:38,300
because of its
geographical remoteness

673
00:32:38,500 --> 00:32:40,000
and felt they would be better served

674
00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:42,000
by their local software developers

675
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:46,000
who were already familiar with
PHP - Open Source database software

676
00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:48,000
and could develop
a database management system

677
00:32:48,200 --> 00:32:50,000
tailored to suit their needs

678
00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:53,000
as well as saving initial costs
in licence fees.

679
00:32:53,500 --> 00:32:56,000
It is now used
by every National Park department,

680
00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:58,900
including a giant
tortoise breeding programme,

681
00:32:58,950 --> 00:33:02,000
one of the biggest attractions
for visitors to the Galapagos.

682
00:33:02,500 --> 00:33:05,200
Information which in the not so
distant uncomputerized past

683
00:33:05,500 --> 00:33:08,500
would have taken months to process
is now at their disposal,

684
00:33:09,500 --> 00:33:12,500
and considering that the number
of tourists increased by about 20%

685
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:17,300
between 2004 and 2005
to over 120,000

686
00:33:17,500 --> 00:33:19,000
it's vital that this information

687
00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:22,000
is closely monitored
to ensure the survival of the area.

688
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:26,000
THE DIGITAL FUTURE

689
00:33:26,950 --> 00:33:30,900
At the 2005 UN Summit on the
Information Society in Tunisia,

690
00:33:30,950 --> 00:33:34,500
delegates convened to address the issue
of bridging the digital divide,

691
00:33:34,950 --> 00:33:37,900
and Free and Open Source Software
was what everyone was talking about.

692
00:33:39,100 --> 00:33:42,200
Today Open Source is a leader

693
00:33:42,950 --> 00:33:46,900
in sharing knowledge
to everyone's benefit

694
00:33:46,950 --> 00:33:51,900
we offer one of the most
effective methods yet tried

695
00:33:51,950 --> 00:33:55,900
to achieve the goals of this Summit:

696
00:33:55,950 --> 00:33:58,900
a productive
Open Source partnership

697
00:33:58,950 --> 00:34:03,000
that helps liberate the poor
and increases the freedom,

698
00:34:03,200 --> 00:34:07,200
knowledge and well being
of every person.

699
00:34:07,950 --> 00:34:11,000
But its more than 20 years since Stallman
started the Free Software Movement,

700
00:34:11,500 --> 00:34:13,900
and the digital divide
keeps getting wider.

701
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:16,000
So how does the future look for FOSS?

702
00:34:16,200 --> 00:34:18,900
How will it fare
in the evolution of software?

703
00:34:18,950 --> 00:34:20,900
We put these questions to the experts

704
00:34:20,950 --> 00:34:25,000
including representatives of 3
commercial computer industry giants.

705
00:34:25,950 --> 00:34:27,000
Somebody said recently that

706
00:34:27,700 --> 00:34:29,000
a modern operating system

707
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:30,000
is far more complicated

708
00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:32,000
in terms of the number of
components it's got

709
00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:34,000
and the number of interactions
between them than say a jumbo jet.

710
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,000
And what we are finding is that,

711
00:34:37,500 --> 00:34:39,900
and this may be perhaps
the real significance of Open Source

712
00:34:39,950 --> 00:34:41,000
is that...

713
00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,000
these are things
that are now so complicated

714
00:34:44,200 --> 00:34:48,300
that even vast, smart, intelligent,
well-resourced companies like Microsoft

715
00:34:48,500 --> 00:34:50,300
are buckling under the strain

716
00:34:50,500 --> 00:34:52,000
and my guess is that
in relation to Open Source

717
00:34:52,500 --> 00:34:55,900
that we may find that for many kinds
of complex software products

718
00:34:55,950 --> 00:34:57,900
Open Source
is the best way to do it.

719
00:34:57,950 --> 00:35:00,900
And how does IBM
see the future of FOSS?

720
00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:03,900
What we've seen is
that over the past few years

721
00:35:03,950 --> 00:35:08,000
the adoption of Linux and
Open Source software has accelerated.

722
00:35:08,300 --> 00:35:11,000
Linux is the fastest
growing server operating system,

723
00:35:11,300 --> 00:35:13,900
growing faster
than any off the other systems

724
00:35:13,950 --> 00:35:16,900
other Open Source software
is now starting to be used

725
00:35:16,950 --> 00:35:20,000
and it's opening up these possibilities
for collaborative innovation

726
00:35:20,500 --> 00:35:22,000
between IT vendors,

727
00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:27,000
also between IT and universities
and individual developers,

728
00:35:27,200 --> 00:35:29,400
so it's an idea
whose time has come I think.

729
00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:32,300
It appears
that even Microsoft also now believes

730
00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:35,700
in getting together
with the Open Source community.

731
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:37,900
When we look at the challenges
that are faced around the world

732
00:35:37,950 --> 00:35:39,000
we look at the various models

733
00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:40,500
that are available
to solve those challenges

734
00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:45,200
we recognize there's room
for everybody to contribute.

735
00:35:45,500 --> 00:35:47,200
And the Open Source community

736
00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:49,400
again stimulates innovation in software,

737
00:35:49,500 --> 00:35:53,300
it's something
that frankly we feel very good about.

738
00:35:53,500 --> 00:35:56,000
It brings a lot of people
into the development community,

739
00:35:56,200 --> 00:35:58,000
it generates lot of innovation
around software

740
00:35:58,200 --> 00:36:00,900
and it's something
we absolutely see as being

741
00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:02,500
a partnership with Microsoft.

742
00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:06,900
And Fortune 500 computer hardware
and software developer Sun Microsystems,

743
00:36:06,950 --> 00:36:09,300
are also using Open Source.

744
00:36:09,500 --> 00:36:12,500
I think that we are going
to see more and more

745
00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:16,000
corporations and even smaller businesses

746
00:36:16,200 --> 00:36:18,300
turning to
Free and Open Source Software

747
00:36:18,500 --> 00:36:20,300
as their development methodology.

748
00:36:21,500 --> 00:36:23,000
Certainly at Sun Microsystems

749
00:36:23,200 --> 00:36:25,000
we decided a couple of years ago

750
00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:27,300
that it made no sense
to develop our software in secret.

751
00:36:27,500 --> 00:36:30,000
That there was much more
to be gained

752
00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:34,000
by working
with the global crowd of experts

753
00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:36,500
than by trying to identify

754
00:36:36,700 --> 00:36:40,300
who the real genii were
and trying to hire them.

755
00:36:40,500 --> 00:36:42,500
So, it would appear
that there are a number of reasons

756
00:36:42,700 --> 00:36:46,000
why FOSS may make life easier
for the digitally deprived:

757
00:36:46,200 --> 00:36:47,500
There are no up front costs
and therefore

758
00:36:47,700 --> 00:36:50,300
no need to be tempted
by pirated software.

759
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:54,000
Geeks and non-geeks
can create virtual communities

760
00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:55,900
to invent new software

761
00:36:55,950 --> 00:36:57,900
Service charges
can be the same or steeper

762
00:36:57,950 --> 00:36:59,900
than for proprietary software,

763
00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:01,000
but in the developing world

764
00:37:01,200 --> 00:37:03,000
where skilled labour
is relatively cheap

765
00:37:03,200 --> 00:37:04,300
that is less of a problem.

766
00:37:04,950 --> 00:37:06,500
and the adaptability
of the software

767
00:37:06,700 --> 00:37:10,300
also means that programmes
can be written in local languages,

768
00:37:10,500 --> 00:37:14,200
the vast majority of which are not
catered for in off-the shelf software

769
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:17,900
Does that mean FOSS will be
the bridge across the divide?

770
00:37:17,950 --> 00:37:19,900
No-one can say for certain.

771
00:37:19,950 --> 00:37:21,000
But what is certain

772
00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:24,300
is that the evangelists
for Free and Open Source Software

773
00:37:24,500 --> 00:37:27,000
will not stop singing its praises.